The Large Hadron Collider's successor will probe the mystery of what lies beyond physics's 'Standard Model'
the countryside north of Geneva, straddling the Franco-Swiss border, one of the most advanced scientific machines ever built has been banging subatomic particles together for more than a decade. This device, the Large Hadron Collider , accelerates beams of protons in opposite directions around a 27km ring until they reach almost the speed of light.
The Standard Model does include antimatter. But it predicts that equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have emerged at the beginning of time and, by now, these should have annihilated one another. Since this evidently has not happened—matter being common these days, and antimatter vanishingly rare—that prediction is in need of serious re-evaluation.
The weightiest expectation was placed on the shoulders of an elegant idea called supersymmetry. This theory, developed over the past 50 years, is a way of removing from the Standard Model a lot of things known in the trade as fudge factors. A fudge factor is an arbitrary value that makes a model work, but which itself defies deeper explanation.
This is all a headache for the practitioners of particle physics—a field in which experiments are notoriously expensive and take decades to build. It is also confusing, because physicists had come to expect that they could more or less predict what they would see next in their machines.
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