Ethereum Founder Vitalik Buterin Indicates What's Next for L2s and Bridges

Vitalik Buterin, cofounder of Ethereum (ETH) blockchain, addresses some problems of L2s and bridges in thought-provoking blog post

attempted to make a simplified classification of Layer-2 solutions on the top of Ethereum and proposed two elegant designs to make L1/L2 bridging more secure and resource-optimized.In 2023, there are three types of L2 solutions dominating the EVM ecosystem: rollups, validiums and disconnected system. While rollups store the data on L1, validiums use servers or other isolated systems for these purposes. Rollups verify the data via fraud-proof or zk-SNARKs, while validiums only support zk-SNARKS.

Another productive concept in this segment is the so-called validating bridge, i.e., a cross-blockchain mechanism that can prove the validity of its"underlying" blockchain: Once this is done, the top chain's validators can no longer steal your funds. They can publish a block with unavailable data, preventing everyone from withdrawing, but they cannot steal .

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