Gout strongly associated with reduced gray matter and increased neurodegenerative disease NatureComms
). Excluding controls with asymptomatic hyperuricaemia or additionally controlling for possible consequences of hyperuricaemia made little impact. Receiving a gout diagnosis later in the study was associated with a slightly higher dementia incidence . ULT at baseline assessment was not linked to dementia incidence .
Given the associations with cerebellum and striatum measures, we examined relevant phenotypes post hoc. Gout was associated with a higher incidence of both Parkinson’s disease and probable essential tremor . Amongst asymptomatic individuals, there was a linear inverse relationship between urate and incident Parkinson’s disease , but not with probable essential tremor .Four of the urate-associated SNPs and one of the gout-associated SNPs were unavailable in the outcome datasets.
Fig. 4: Mendelian randomisation estimates for the association of genetically predicted gout and serum urate and brain imaging phenotypes. Genetically predicted gout was instrumented using 12 SNPs . Genetically predicted serum urate was instrumented using 182 SNPs . Beta estimates and their 95% confidence intervals represent inverse-variance weighted estimates for a 1 mg dlincrease in serum urate, or gout versus asymptomatic hyperuricaemia. Magnetic susceptibility measures are derived from quantitative susceptibility maps, with higher values indicating higher iron.
To our knowledge, there are no previous neuroimaging studies of gout. Investigations examining urate are small and, with two exceptions, examined solely markers of cerebrovascular disease
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