A Dying Red Giant Star has Thrown Out Giant Symmetrical Loops of Gas and Dust By Nancy_A
A billowing pair of nearly symmetrical loops of dust and gas mark the death throes of an ancient red-giant star, as captured by the Gemini South telescope. Credit: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA
A planetary nebula is a region of cosmic gas and dust formed from the cast-off outer layers of a dying star. Despite their name, planetary nebulae have nothing to do with planets. The term was likely first coined the 1780s by astronomer William Herschel, who noted their seemingly round, planet-like shape when observed through early telescopes.
IC2220 is located about 1,200 light-years away in the region of the Carina constellation. This is a special kind of planetary nebula called a reflection nebula, which is created when light from a star is scattered or reflected off a neighboring dust cloud. When stars like HR3126 are near the end of their lives, they expand to form red giants. These types of stars have intermediate mass, which is greater than 80% of the Sun’s mass, but less than eight times its mass. The dying star will continue to expel gas, while simultaneously the remaining core of the star contracts and temporarily begins to radiate energy again. This energy causes the expelled gas to ionise, where the atoms and molecules in the gas become charged and begin to emit light.
that this end-of-life phase of red giant stars is relatively brief, and the celestial structures that form around them are rare, making the Toby Jug Nebula an excellent case study into stellar evolution.In about five billion years from now, when our Sun has burned through its supply of hydrogen, it too will become a red giant and eventually evolve into a planetary nebula.
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