The African continent is warming quickly, and climate change is expected to disproportionally affect every aspect of life on the continent, from human health to food security and economic growth, according to the World Meteorological Organisation’s first climate report on Africa.
The continent has already seen an increase in heatwaves and erratic rainfall patterns. Heat and drought are affecting agriculture production, increasing pest damage and disease. Climate change and climate variability, together with conflicts, instability and economic crises, are listed as key drivers of a recent increase in hunger in Africa.
The changing climate is already impacting agriculture production, the backbone of Africa’s economy. In drought-prone sub-Saharan countries, the number of undernourished people has increased by 45.6% since 2012, according to the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization. Changes in rainfall patterns will also increase the presence of biting insects in new areas, and the transmission of diseases such as dengue fever, malaria and yellow fever.
Reporting of droughts and floods in Africa has improved over the past few decades, partly because not-for-profit organisations doing relief work on the ground are gathering the data, said Friederike Otto, report author and acting director of the the University of Oxford’s Environmental Change Institute. By comparison, heatwave data is much more sparse at a time when they’re becoming more frequent, more intense and more deadly.
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