. The ring-like pattern highlighted in the new research is a result of the biofilm’s nitrogen stress response pattern, according to the paper. Nitrogen is required for cell growth, and while nitrogen is readily available to the cells at the edge of the biofilm, it is limited closer to the center.
This lack of nitrogen starves the bacteria and elicits a stress response.The higher metabolic stress in the interior of the biofilms causes the cells to release spores, or baby bacteria, used to survive in tough conditions. Each stage in this cycle of starvation, stress, and sporulation is “frozen” in time and place to form the concentric rings of the biofilm’s different cell types.
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