of a cell, how it functions, and how it interacts with other cells. By studying the mRNA from tens of thousands of nuclei in the brains of people with major depressive disorder and comparing it to people without the illness, you can learn how the brain cells are functioning and interacting differently.
Nagy and her colleagues published their findings using single nucleus RNA sequencing in 2020 in the journal. In males with major depressive disorder, they found the majority of mRNA differences in two types of brain cells: oligodendrocyte precursor cells and deep layer excitatory neurons. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells, or OPCs, are so named because they are the cellular precursors to oligodendrocytes .
But, as Nagy and her colleagues point out in their 2020 paper,"OPCs are now thought to be a distinct [brain cell] type" with roles independent of their precursor function. They contribute to brain plasticity, for example. Excitatory neurons increase the likelihood of other neurons generating action potentials . mRNA changes in OPCs and the excitatory neurons allowed the researchers to link the functioning of the two cell types.
Dr. Andrew Jaffe is an associate professor in the Departments of Mental Health, Biostatistics, Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Neuroscience, and Humanat John Hopkins University. Jaffe also studies mRNA changes in the brains of the deceased, but in a slightly different way. Spatial transcriptomics is a technique that allows you to measure mRNA in a way that preserves information about the precise location of where the mRNA came from.Where a brain cell is located is related to its function.
Jaffe and his colleagues studied spatial mRNA changes in the six-layered human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The results were published in Nature Neuroscience in 2021. By integrating their spatial transcriptomic data with previously collected data about gene changes in psychiatric disorders, they localized genes implicated in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder to specific layers of the cortex.
so you can use genes to work out autism mis diagnosis so therefore mis diagnosed mental health issues and vice versa?
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