Using geochemical analyses, the scientists were able to prove that stone stelae on the Iberian peninsula that date back to the Final Bronze Age feature complex engravings that could only have been done using tempered steel. Their findings were backed up by metallographic analyses of an iron chisel from the same period and region that showed the necessary carbon content to be proper steel.
“The chisel from Rocha do Vigio and the context where it was found show that iron metallurgy, including the production and tempering of steel, was probably an indigenous development of decentralized, small communities in Iberia, and not due to the influence of later colonization processes,” lead researcher Ralph Araque Gonzalez said in a media statement. “This also has consequences for the archaeological assessment of iron metallurgy and quartzite sculptures in other regions of the world.
Until now, studies of the actual rocks from which these stelae were made to gain insights into using materials and tools have been the exception. Araque Gonzalez and his colleagues analyzed the geological composition of the stelae in depth. This led them to discover that a significant number of stelae were not as had been assumed made of quartzite, but silicate quartz sandstone.
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