Study reveals important associations between gut microbiome and eczema in infancy

A new study has revealed important associations between the gut microbiome and eczema in infancy and has established the basis for the potential prevention and treatment of eczema via modulation of the gut microbiota. The study was published in"The problem of eczema is increasing, and our study shows it could be a result of unwanted changes in the gut bacterial content.

In the new study, Dr. Chan and colleagues invited pregnant women who were close to term to participate in the research. They collected their information on health, lifestyle and events during pregnancy and delivery. After delivery, the researchers visited the women and collected information on their babies' diet, health and medication. The researchers arranged follow-up clinics to check the babies' health conditions and any eczema problems.

The researchers revealed alterations in the composition and alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiota across the first 3 years of life. They identified mode of delivery, feeding mode and intrapartum antibiotics as the major determinants of the early-life gut microbiome, the effects of all of which persisted up to 12 months. Importantly, by conducting a nested case-control study, they showed that alterations in the infant gut microbiota precede the development of eczema.

"Our study found that the gut bacterial content of babies changes drastically over the first 3 years of life," said Dr. Chan."The mode of delivery and feeding, and the use of antibiotics around the time of delivery affects the gut bacterial content. We observed characteristic changes in the gut bacterial content before the babies present with eczema. Remarkably, those bacterial changes were also observed in babies delivered by C-section.

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