Researchers from the Babraham Institute, UK, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases have identified a backup mechanism of protein quality control which prevents the toxic effects of protein aggregation in specific tissues when normal methods of molecular monitoring fail.
Just like factories identifying faulty items coming off the production line, cells use different mechanisms to monitor protein production, folding and accumulation. During ageing some proteins become prone to accumulating due to disrupted protein folding and the decline in the protein quality control mechanisms. Protein clumps called aggregates cause problems for normal functioning of the organism.
"Organisms have a set of control mechanisms found in all tissues that deal with the build-up of defective proteins. In this work we have identified a new tissue-specific control mechanism.
The team went on to uncover the way that the SAPA mechanism prevents protein accumulation. By closely tracking the production of an aggregating protein and the aggregation dynamics, the team found that the newly discovered mechanism recognises and eliminates newly synthesised proteins before they can form large aggregates.
Dr David summarised,"A big conundrum in our efforts to understand neurodegenerative disease is why particular areas of the brain show aggregates and others don't. The existence of local protective mechanisms could help explain why some brain areas are more resistant to protein aggregation.
Source: Healthcare Press (healthcarepress.net)
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