Spanning around 15.5 miles north-south and 11.1 miles east-west in diameter, the Aso caldera is one of the world's largest collapsed volcanoes, according to the Aso UNESCO Global Geopark, which lies within the Aso Kuju National Park, home to Mount Aso.
The JMA explains the Aso caldera was formed by four"gigantic pyroclastic-flow eruptions" from around 90,000 to 270,000 years ago, while post-caldera central cones were formed soon after then. The Nakadake No. 1 crater is occupied by a hyperacidic crater lake during its calm periods. It is characterized by ash as well as"strombolian eruptions and phreatic or phreatomagmatic explosions" during active periods, the JMA says.
A level 3 volcanic activity alert, which is the third-highest level on the five-tiered scale, was issued by the JMA. The alert applies to the city of Aso, the town of Takamori as well as the village of Minami-Aso. Those near the volcano were warned not to approach the area.
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