LT LKE CITY — "fourth wave" of overdose deaths in the U.S. has been largely driven by mixing stimulants like cocaine and methamphetamine with fentanyl, creating a 50-fold increase in related deaths since 2010.just published in the journal ddiction shows the public health challenge and deadly risk posed as first opioids and now stimulants are increasingly laced with the illicitly made synthetic opioid fentanyl, according to researchers from the University of California Los ngeles.
The first wave in the overdose death crisis involved prescription opioids, starting around 2000. Heroin use around 2010 created a second wave. The third wave was rapidly increasing use of fentanyl, starting in about 2013. dding stimulants to the mix has created that so-called fourth wave. "The roots really did start with overprescribing prescription opioids, but now it is really characterized by stimulants and fentanyl," study co-author Chelsea Shover, an assistant professor-in-residence at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCL, told NBC News.
NBC noted that "a proportion of the fentanyl-plus-stimulant overdoses may be due to the fact that fentanyl has now been found, often unexpectedly, in virtually every other type of illicit drug."
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