Astronomers Find a Star That Contains 65 Different Elements

Rapid neutron capture allows an atomic nucleus to capture neutrons quicker than the neutrons can decay, creating heavy elements. The r-process begins with elements lighter than iron. In an environment with lots of neutrons and lots of energy, these lighter elements can capture neutrons since they’re neutral and have no charge. When an atom captures a neutron, it emits an electron, converting the neutron into another proton.

This periodic table from the study shows the elements examined in HD 222925. Elements with no long-lived isotopes are indicated using a light gray font. Helium was previously detected in near-infrared spectra. Image Credit: Roederer et al. 2022. HD 222295 didn’t produce the heavy elements it contains. They were produced earlier in the Universe and then spread into space by either supernovae or kilonovae. Then they were taken up in another generation of star formation, in this case by HD 222295.

In 2019, European researchers found signatures of strontium formed in a neutron-star merger. This artist’s impression shows two tiny but dense neutron stars when they merge and explode as a kilonova. In the foreground, we see a representation of freshly created strontium. Image Credit: ESO/L. Calçada/M. Kornmesser, a group of scientists trying to find answers. Some of the authors of this new study are members of the Alliance.

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