By Neha MathurSep 22 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study published in Science Immunology, researchers investigated the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant of concern Omicron's immune escape mechanisms. Additionally, they studied the effects of Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection in triple vaccinated individuals.
About the study Omicron BA.2 is more closely related to BA.4/BA.5, so the researchers of the present study investigated whether BA.2 breakthrough infection would shift cross-neutralization activity of vaccine-induced sera more towards BA.4/BA.5. The researchers created three cohorts of individuals, all triple-vaccinated with an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. They assessed the neutralization activity of the serum samples from these cohorts against Omicron sublineages.
Study findings The authors noted that Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection triggered nABs with broadly neutralizing activity against BA.2 and all its three descendants - BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5, in agreement with previous studies. The most likely explanation is that these Omicron sublineages have higher amino acid sequence similarity in the S glycoprotein RBD and the NTD. Perhaps this is why these Omicron BA.2 sublineages drove more efficient cross-neutralization than BA.
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