Differences in protection from previous infection or vaccination against infection with Omicron BA.4/5 or BA.2

By Dr. Chinta SidharthanSep 27 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, researchers investigated the differences in vaccination- and previous infection-induced immunities against the Omicron BA.2 and BA.4/5 subvariants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 .

About the study The present study examined the effect of vaccination- and prior infection-induced immune status on the occurrence of BA.2 and BA.4/5 between May and July 2022 — the transition phase between BA.2 and BA.4/5 predominance. Whole genome sequencing of random SGTF samples was also carried out to see the proportion of BA.4 to BA.5 samples. A combination of WGS and SGTF results from previous infections was used to determine the variants of previous SARS-CoV-2 infections. The immune status groups were defined according to vaccination history and prior infections. The BA.2 and BA.4/5 infections were correlated to these immune status groups using various statistical analyses.

However, the authors believe that the evasion exhibited by BA.2 and BA.4/5 from prior infection-induced immunity is smaller than those seen for BA.1 or the Delta variant, which indicates high antibody escape between the earlier variants of concern than between Omicron subvariants.

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