How a Chinese Covid-19 drug was created in an instant – after years in the making

outbreak erupted in Saudi Arabia, Zhang started working with Wang Xinquan, from Tsinghua’s school of life sciences, and determined the structural mechanism of a key part of the coronavirus, helping to understand how the virus infects humans.

announced the virus could be spreading from human to human, I knew this was not a simple matter,” Zhang said, referring to the respiratory diseases specialist who had visited the central Chinese city.Zhang and Wang pooled the resources of their two laboratories and tackled the unknown of the novel coronavirus together, with some researchers analysing the structure of the virus, some working on antibodies and some developing vaccines.

Antibodies that recognise RBD can potently neutralise viruses and block infections. The finding was submitted to“We know spike protein is very important in entering host cells. We found the structure of the RBD looks very similar to that of Sars-CoV-1 [the virus that causes Sars], but the interface of the RBD binding the ACE2 is very different,” Zhang said.

“We still don’t know why today but what we observed in the early days was in line with the pandemic trend. It’s absolutely amazing.” According to preliminary analysis of phase 3 trials in the United States, Brazil, Argentina and Mexico, the combination showed 78 per cent effectiveness in reducing hospitalisation and death. A phase 3 clinical trial of the treatment among hospitalised patients was closed by its sponsor, the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, in March because it “did not meet the inclusion criteria for further enrolment in the trial, due to futility”.

Antibody therapies have been used before for viral infections and the US Food and Drug Administration has authorised three anti-Sars-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies for patients at various stages. The antiviral medication remdesivir also has US approval.are being considered by the FDA for emergency use and could be game changers because, unlike monoclonal antibodies which must be transfused, they can be easily taken at home.

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