Here's What Recovery from COVID-19 May Look Like for Many Survivors

Hundreds of thousands of seriously ill coronavirus patients who survive and leave the hospital are facing a new and difficult challenge: recovery. Many are struggling to overcome a range of troubling residual symptoms, and some problems may persist for months, years or even the rest of their lives.

It is still too early to say how recovery will play out for these patients. But here is a look at what they are experiencing so far, what we can learn from former patients with similar medical experiences and the challenges that most likely lie ahead.There are many. Patients may leave the hospital with scarring, damage or inflammation that still needs to heal in the lungs, heart, kidneys, liver or other organs. This can cause a range of problems, including urinary and metabolism issues.

Nerve damage or weakness can also whittle away muscle strength, Needham said. Neurological problems can cause other symptoms, too. Chen said that Mount Sinai’s post-COVID center has referred nearly 40% of patients to neurologists for issues like fatigue, confusion and mental fogginess. To describe the wide variety of recovery challenges, experts often use an umbrella term, coined about a decade ago: post-intensive care syndrome or PICS, which can include any of the physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms patients encounter.Studies of people hospitalized for respiratory failure from other causes suggest that recovery is more likely to be harder for people who were frail beforehand and for people who needed longer hospitalizations, Ferrante said.

Studies, including one by a team at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, have found that ICU patients who experience hospital delirium are more likely to have cognitive impairment in the months after they leave the hospital.“It’s absolutely not a linear process, and it’s very individualized,” Needham said.“What we don’t want is for patients to go home and lie in bed all day,” Ferrante said. “That will not help with recovery and will probably make things worse.

The patients in the study had ARDS from a variety of causes, including pneumonia, sepsis, pancreatitis or burns. They had a median stay of 49 days in the hospital, including 26 days in the ICU and 24 days on a ventilator. Some tried but found that they couldn’t do their jobs and stopped working altogether, Needham said, and others “had to change their occupation, specifically for a job that’s less challenging and probably less pay.”

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