Global health officials have tracked more than 200 suspected and confirmed cases of the usually mild viral infection in 19 countries since early May. The monkeypox variant implicated in the current outbreak has a case fatality rate of around 1 per cent, though no deaths have been reported so far.The smallpox and monkeypox viruses are closely related, and the first generation of smallpox vaccines appear up to 85 per cent effective in preventing monkeypox, the World Health Organisation has said.
The reported side-effects include pain and swelling at the injection site as well as headache and fatigue.It also contains the vaccinia virus, but it is infectious and can replicate in humans. As a result, it can be transmitted from the vaccine recipient to unvaccinated people who have close contact with the inoculation site.
ACAM2000 has US approval for people at high risk for smallpox infection. It does not have European Union authorisation.Symptoms of monkeypox — which can include fever, headaches, distinctive rashes and pus-filled skin lesions — can last for two to four weeks and often resolve on their own. Both TPOXX and Tembexa were approved based on studies in animals showing they are likely to be effective, because they were developed after smallpox in human beings had been eradicated through mass vaccination.The WHO classified smallpox as an eradicated disease in 1980, but there have been longstanding concerns that the virus could be used as a bioweapon, leading countries to stockpile vaccines.
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