MELBOURNE: Gender bias in mortality has resulted in fewer women in India and other parts of the developing world.
Expressions of these inequalities are not uniform. In India, such expressions tend to disadvantage women in obtaining equal access as men to basic goods such as nutrition, economic opportunities, health care and medical attention. The net result of these two trends is that improvement in the sex ratio has not produced gender balance in India.
The researchers reviewed data gathered from three rounds of nationally representative National Family Health Surveys carried out between 1990 and 2005 and examined sex ratios by birth order in 0.25 million births to estimate the scale of selective abortions of girls. A 1 per cent decline in child sex ratio from birth to 6 years of age implied 1.2 million to 3.6 million more selective abortions of girls. The study estimated that selective abortions of girls totaled about 4.2 million to 12.1 million from 1980 to 2010, with a greater rate of increase in the 1990s than in the 2000s.
Evidence shows that between 2001 and 2011 the child sex ratios in the predominantly Hindu and with relatively higher economic-growth rate northwestern districts of India declined significantly due to increasing selective-female abortions.The states in the other half with sex ratios above the benchmark are concentrated in the south and the east with Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal leading the pack.
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