Climate change turned up India's heat. But by how much?

2 degrees Celsius, according to the Times of India. The heat is jeopardising the country's wheat supply, just as Russia's war in Ukraine disrupted trade from Eastern Europe. Temperatures in neighbouring Pakistan's Jacobabad rose to 47 degrees Celsius.

"The number of heat waves is directly in response to global warming," says Roxy Mathew Koll, a climate scientist at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology who has looked at 70 years of data. Analysing decades of heat data is different from asking about one hot spell in particular - and looking for answers about India's heat is harder than most anywhere else in the world.

Recent work by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, in Pune, has made progress by adapting the US's Climate Forecast System to the region. Water matters, too, and not just because humidity combined with heat can be a deadly threat to human life. Evaporation from massive irrigation can cool soils and dampen regional temperatures. But the potential cooling effects of evaporation in India are now being reconsidered under closer scrutiny.

"What seems remarkable, or really extreme, is that it has been hot for so long. Basically the whole pre-monsoon season has been exceptionally hot," says Friederike Otto, a senior lecturer in climate science at Imperial College London and head of World Weather Attribution."But the really, extremely high temperatures have been measured in the last few days.

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