It reports that 70% of these deaths occurred in limited low altitude, rural areas of eight states – Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh , Rajasthan and Gujarat. In these high-burden states, the age-standardized death rate was about six per 100,000.
Of the 1.2 million snakebite deaths in two decades, 602,000 occurred among males and 5,65,000 among females. With both sexes combined, 28 percent deaths due to snakebite were among children below 15 years, 17 per cent among adults aged 15-29 years, while 47 percent of the deaths occurred in the age group of 30-69 years.
Bites by venomous snakes are acute medical emergencies, killing by shock, paralysis, hemorrhage or acute kidney injury, and injuring by inflicting gangrene. However, the risk of bites can be reduced through community education, while most deaths and serious consequences are preventable by timely access to safe and effective antivenoms.The study recommends that the Government of India designate and enforce snakebite as a ‘Notifiable Disease’ within the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program .
Another author, Romulus Whitaker at the Center for Herpetology/Madras Crocodile Bank said since snakebite deaths are restricted mainly to lower altitude, intensely agricultural areas, during a single season of each year, this should make the annual epidemics easier to manage. “India’s tremendous snakebite burden is staring us in the face and we need to act now.”
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