Nigeria is often referred to as the “Giant of Africa” owing to its large population and economy. There are more than 250 ethnic groups speaking about 380 languages with a diverse range of cultural and religious beliefs and practices in Nigeria. In spite of all these strengths, public health challenges have been a nagging problem bedeviling the well-being and stability of the country for a long time.
According to a report published by the Statistica Research Department, the top 10 causes of death in Nigeria in 2019 are neonatal disorders accounting for 12.25%, Malaria 12%, Diarrhea 11.36%, Respiratory Infections 10.85%, HIV/AIDS 5.18%, Ischemic Heart Diseases 4.37%, Stroke 3.98%, Congenital birth defects 3.26% Tuberculosis 2.84% and Meningitis 2.82% respectively.
Nigeria, being an attractive destination for commerce, is therefore not isolated from global pandemics which occur with some degree of unpredictability. Despite these occurrences of outbreak, there has not been an effective and efficient emergency response and disease prevention system in Nigeria to tackle these issues.Commendably, Nigeria’s prompt and robust response to the Ebola outbreak of 2014 in West Africa remains a watershed in the management of public health emergencies in the world.
More so, lack of commitment on the part of the government, especially during military rule has helped a lot in worsening the fragile sector again. Furthermore, there is no equitable distribution of human resources between urban and rural areas. Over 70 percent of doctors are concentrated in urban areas where only 51% of the population reside, thereby leaving 49% of the population who live in the rural area at the mercy of inadequate health personnel.
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