Tuesday marks the fall equinox. But what is it and how does it work? A planetary scientist explains

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How the Earth and the sun work in tandem to create solstices, equinoxes, and seasons

The axis of the Earth — imagine a narrow column running from the North to the South Poles — isn’t exactly straight. It’s about 23.5 degrees off, so different parts of the Earth get exposed to sunlight as the planet rotates around the sun. That’s why we have seasons. It’s also why the Northern and Southern Hemispheres experience them at opposite times.

In 2020, the summer solstice arrived on June 20, a day earlier thanks to the leap year, heralding the start of summer and giving the Northern Hemisphere its longest day of the year. Revellers watch the sunrise as they celebrate the pagan festival of Summer Solstice at Stonehenge in Wiltshire, southern England on June 21, 2018.that during this day, “sunlight is most intense as it only has to pass through a short column of atmosphere.”

It's Summer Solstice 20 June, 2020 at 21:44 UTC. The northern hemisphere is now exposed to sunlight for the longest duration *per day* and sunlight is most intense as it only has to pass through a short column of atmosphere – that's why it's hot! All thanks to Earth's axial tilt.

 

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